what is cache memory????????

A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations. As long as most memory accesses are cached memory locations, the average latency of memory accesses will be closer to the cache latency than to the latency of main memory.

When the processor needs to read from or write to a location in main memory, it first checks whether a copy of that data is in the cache. If so, the processor immediately reads from or writes to the cache, which is much faster than reading from or writing to main memory.

Most modern desktop and server CPUs have at least three independent caches: an instruction cache to speed up executable instruction fetch, a data cache to speed up data fetch and store, and a translation lookaside buffer used to speed up virtual-to-physical address translation for both executable instructions and data.

Intel® Turbo Boost Technology ??????

Available on select models of the all new 2010 Intel® Core™ processor family, Intel® Turbo Boost Technology dynamically redirects power and accelerates performance to match your workload. Previously, unused portions of the chip would be “turned off,” leaving some cores idle. Intel® Turbo Boost Technology reroutes that unused performance to the cores that are active, boosting their performance without wasting power. As a result, you automatically get extra performance whenever you need it, and increased energy efficiency when you don’t

what is silicon technology ??????????????

A nanometer (nm) is one-billionth of a meter. The transistors on Intel’s latest processors are just 32nm wide, while our previous generation processors are built on 45nm and 65nm architectures. This allows transistors to be packed more densely, leak less energy, produce less heat and switch faster, which leads to processors that run faster, use less power, and are more energy-efficient. It also means new features can be squeezed onto processors, so computer makers can focus on things like extending battery life, creating ever-sleeker designs and putting new wireless capabilities into devices. Lastly, it means Intel can keep bringing you better performance at relatively the same or even lower prices over time .

Summary

1 No of transistor per nano meter ,

Do you know what is hyper threading technology ?????????????????

Hi friends do you know the new species of intel core series has hyper threading tecnology (core i5 and i7)

Available on all new 2010 Intel® Core™ processor family, Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology delivers more efficient use of processor resources and improved performance on multithreaded software. This allows you to run demanding desktop applications simultaneously while maintaining system responsiveness. For example, Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology helps multimedia enthusiasts create, edit and encode graphically intensive files while running background applications, such as virus protection software, without compromise to performance

DO YOU KNOW WHAT IS HYPER THREADING TECHNOLOGY ?????????????????

As

Available on all new 2010 Intel® Core™ processor family, Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology delivers more efficient use of processor resources and improved performance on multithreaded software. This allows you to run demanding desktop applications simultaneously while maintaining system responsiveness. For example, Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology helps multimedia enthusiasts create, edit and encode graphically intensive files while running background applications, such as virus protection software, without compromise to performance

AMD Athlon vs. Phenom

Hi guys here's a another point of discussion . that the difference between AMD ATHLON AND PHENOM

The Athlon is AMD’s current flagship for desktop processors, extending from older single core models, to newer multi-core processors. The Phenom is a newer line of processors from AMD, that are essentially multi-core. The biggest difference between Athlon and Phenom processors is the presence of the L3 cache in the Phenom processors. This is an additional cache memory that is not restricted to a single core. It is shared by all cores, and is considerably larger than either the L1 or L2 caches. It provides significant performance improvements due to the reduced trips to the main memory.

Aside from cache memory, Phenoms also offer performance improvement in regards to the main memory. First off is the separate clock that runs at a fixed rate. This keeps the memory working at full speed, even when the processor is throttled down. Athlons only support 800Mhz DDR2 modules, and any module above that are throttled down to 800Mhz. Phenoms can utilize 1066Mhz DDR2 modules without throttling down. AMD introduced DDPM (Dual Dynamic Power Management) with Phenoms. This provides separate voltage sources for the processor and the memory controller, providing more power for both.

Another improvement in Phenom processors, is the presence of HyperTransport 3.0. It provides greater bandwidth, and more capabilities, compared to the older HyperTransport 2.0 that you can find on Athlons. HyperTransport facilitates the transmission of data from different PC components, making it integral for the overall performance of the entire system.

The downside for Phenoms, as is the norm with more powerful processors, is the substantial increase in power consumption. This makes the Phenom less ideal for mobile applications where power is in short supply. Increased power consumption also results in increased heat dissipation, that has the potential to damage the processor. Common solutions for heating problems include bigger heatsinks and stronger fans, or liquid cooling.

Summary:

1. The Athlon is AMD’s established flagship model, while the Phenom is AMD’s newer line of multi-core processors.

2. Athlons only have a L1 and L2 cache, while Phenoms have L1, L2, and L3 caches.

3. Phenoms have HyperTransport 3.0, while Athlons have HyperTransport 2.0.

4. Unlike Athlons, Phenoms utilize Dual Dynamic Power Management.

5. Unlike Athlons, Phenoms utilize a separate clock for the memory controller

6. Phenoms support DDR2-1066, while Athlons only support up to DDR2-800.

7. Phenoms consume considerably more power compared to Athlons.

8. Phenoms tend to heat up more than Athlons.

AMD vs. Pentium

Hi guys this is RAJIV BHATT . Most of people does't know difference between AMD AND INTEL . But there is a huge difference here it is ........................................................................

AMD is an American company that produces several lines of microprocessors, like Durons, Semprons, Athlons, and Phenoms, to name a few. Its stiffest competition for the microprocessor, is Intel , the producer of the very popular and successful Pentium series. The Pentium series has been in existence for almost 20 years, and has ranged from the very old 60 Mhz processor to the current multi-core processors, that can reach 3.0 Ghz. Although the Pentium competed with other AMD processors in the early days, today it is widely accepted that the Athlon is its main competitor, with their products coming out at more or less the same time with comparable performance levels and features.

As an overall trend for prices over the lengthy time that the Pentium has been in existence, it has tended to be more expensive compared to its AMD equivalent, with which it was competing at that time. Depending on how large the performance gap is, the price difference can also vary; dictated by the market forces. The price difference is also driven by Intel, as it often holds the top spot when comparing the performance of microprocessors.

The gap in performance can be largely attributed to the different architectures. Intel processors like the Pentium series had longer pipelines than their AMD counterparts. Longer pipelines allow the processor to have a much higher clock speed than what could be normally achieved. Higher clock speed was the accepted indicator of microprocessor performance, and this placed AMD at a disadvantage when it came to marketing. AMD have therefore come up with an ingenious naming convention, that labeled their products with the expected Intel equivalent clock speed. For example, an Athlon 2100 is only clocked at 1.7 GHz, but is expected to perform similarly to 2.1 GHz Pentium 4 processors.

To summarize, Pentiums are top of the line products, that have a significantly higher price for the best performing processors available. On the other hand, AMD processors offer more bang for the buck, providing marginally lower performance at a much lower price point. For most users who use their computers for basic processes, the difference in performance is hardly noticeable.

Summary:

1. AMD is a company that largely produces microprocessors, while Pentium is a line of microprocessors from its competing company, Intel.

2. The Athlon is AMD’s Pentium equivalent.

3. AMD microprocessors tend to be cheaper compared to Pentiums.

4. AMD microprocessors tend to have a slightly lower performance compared to Pentiums.